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Surface
Well Testing Package
The surface well testing is mainly to provide a safe
control when the formation fluid flows to the surface, and
to process the formation fluid. Through the separator we can
obtain single phase fluids and flow rates and at same time
we can obtain wellhead pressure and temperature, fluid
samples, properties of fluids and other data which are
used for evaluating the reservoir. The following is
a typical surface testing layout schematic. The schematic
shows how to process the formation fluid at the surface.
A surface testing package may include but not limited
to: surface test tree, coflexip hose, data header, choke
manifold, surface safety valves (main valve, wing valve
& EZ valve), heater (steam exchanger or indirect
heater), three phase separator, surge tank, gauge tank,
fluids samplers, field laboratory, emergency shut down
system (ESD) and multi-sensor relief valve (MSRV), data
acquisition system (DAS), transfer pump, oil burners,
and pipe works.
we can provide full sets of surface equipment packages
to meet different the requirements of customers.
Typical working pressures for upstream equipment, sour
gas service, are 5,000, 10,000 and 15,000 psi.
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Functions
of Main Equipment
The surface test tree is installed on top of the test string
above the rig floor and operated as a production tree
on an exploration well. The data header provides many ports
for installing instruments to read or record relevant
data (pressure and temperature), taking samples for
laboratory analysis,
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connecting
chemical injection pump to inject chemicals into the
well effluent to prevent hydration, aiding in the separation
or protecting equipment and piping against corrosion. A choke
manifold provides a safe control, maintains a suitable
bottom flowing differential pressure to protect the reservoir and
lowers the downstream pressure
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and flow rate to a safe level
to protect down stream equipment. A heater is used to reheat
the process fluid after it cools due to pressure drop
expansion across the choke. A separator is used to separate
the well effluent into three phases: oil, gas and water
and measure their flow rates. A gauge tank and surge tank
are used to calibrate a liquid flow meter or measure low
production flow rates. A transfer pump can be used to pump
liquid to a storage tank, oil burner, or pipeline. Burners
are used to dispose of the crude oil in a clean efficient
manner. A DAS system can be used to gather automatically
surface test data on a real-time basis with high-resolution
transducers, on-site computers and special data processing
software. A laboratory can be used to obtain oil API degree,
gas gravity, BS&W, Cl£, H2S & CO2 concentrations
in gas, oil viscosity and pour point, etc. An ESD system
is used to shut-in the well in case of emergency. |
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